What are the differences between Namespace and Assembly in .NET?

Namespace and Assembly are two vital aspects of .NET.



Differences between them are tabulated below:

Namespace
Assembly
Namespace is the logical naming decided at design time by the developer. Scope for a particular type is defined at run time using Assembly.
Namespace contains set of unique names. Assembly contains code of the form MSIL ( Microsoft Intermediate Language)
Classes available in your program will be logically grouped together under a namespace. Logical units are physically grouped together as assembly.
Namespace can include multiple assemblies. An assembly can contain types belonging to different namespaces.
Namespace doesn't have any classification. Assembly can be classified as private assembly and public assembly. Private assembly is specific to a single application but shared/public assembly contains libraries which can be used by multiple applications.
Namespaces have to be mentioned in Project-Properties. Assemblies need not be explicitly specified. They are automatically described in metadata and manifest files.
Namespaces can be nested. For example:
namespace sampleApp1 {
namespace SampleApp2 {
class sampleClass {

}
}
}

Such nesting is not permissible in assemblies.
Namespace is the one which you directly specify in your code. A simple example for namespace is shown below:
namespace sampleNamespace {
class sampleClass {
public void displayMsg() {
Console.WriteLine("In sampleClass");
}
}
}
In this example, sampleNamespace is the namespace you have created and sampleClass is within the scope of this namespace.

Creating an assembly on your own is not as simple as you create a namespace. If you want to package the code shown as an example for the namespace into an assembly, then you have to follow the steps shown below:
" Generate a key file inside the same folder where you have placed the code by typing the following statement in the command prompt:
sn -k sampleKey.key
" Sign your code component with this key. Assume that your code component is named as sampleClass.cs. Now use the following command:
csc sampleClass.cs /t:library /a.keyfile:sampleKey.key
" Place your signed assembly inside GAC using AL Utility:
AL /i: sampleClass.dll
" Now create a code that accesses the code in your assembly:
Using System;
Using sampleNamespace;
public class testClass {
sampleClass obj = new sampleClass();
obj.displayMsg();
}
" To test if your assembly got created and to test if the above code is working, compile the above code using the following statement:
csc testClass.cs /t:exe /r:<path of your assembly>
" Now if you execute testClass.cs, you should get the following output:
In sampleClass

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